Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 23, 2026
11:15
fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
Published on: May 23, 2017
Mancunian intonation and intonational representation.
1Department of Linguistics, University of Manchester, UK. cruttenden@man.ac.uk
Phonetica
|November 30, 2000
Summary
This study details Mancunian intonation, proposing a functional Open/Closed variety dichotomy. It critiques the ToBI (ToBI) intonation model, suggesting a feature-based modification for better representation.
Area of Science:
- Phonetics and Phonology
- Linguistic Description
- Sociolinguistics
Background:
- Limited systematic research exists on English accent intonation beyond Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American.
- Mancunian English, a distinct regional accent, lacks comprehensive intonational analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically describe the intonation of Mancunian English.
- To propose a functional categorization of Mancunian tones into Open and Closed varieties.
- To evaluate the applicability of the ToBI (ToBI) intonation model to Mancunian and suggest improvements.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive analysis of Mancunian intonation patterns.
- Functional categorization of identified tones.
- Comparative analysis with the ToBI (ToBI) intonation framework.
Main Results:
- Identification and description of unique Mancunian intonation characteristics.
- Proposal of a functional dichotomy: Open and Closed varieties of Mancunian tones.
- Demonstration of inadequacies in standard and modified ToBI (ToBI) representations for Mancunian.
Conclusions:
- Mancunian intonation possesses distinct features requiring specific analytical approaches.
- A functional Open/Closed variety system offers a novel categorization for Mancunian tones.
- The ToBI (ToBI) model necessitates significant modification, potentially adopting a feature-based approach, for accurate representation of Mancunian intonation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:52Resonance
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
02:16Resonance and Hybrid Structures
According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
00:58Sound Intensity
The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the emitted...
00:53Sound Intensity Level
Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
01:12Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
01:24Components of Language
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...