Roles of Meltrin beta /ADAM19 in the processing of neuregulin

Meltrin beta/ADAM19 is a member of ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteases), which are a family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that play important roles in fertilization, myoblast fusion, neurogenesis, and proteolytic processing of several membrane-anchored proteins. The expression pattern of meltrin beta during mouse development coincided well with that of neuregulin-1 (NRG), a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Then we examined whether meltrin beta participates in the proteolytic processing of membrane-anchored NRGs. When NRG-beta1 was expressed in mouse L929 cells, its extracellular domain was constitutively processed and released into the culture medium. This basal processing activity was remarkably potentiated by overexpression of wild-type meltrin beta, which lead to the significant decrease in the cell surface exposure of extracellular domains of NRG-beta1. Furthermore, expression of protease-deficient mutants of meltrin beta exerted dominant negative effects on the basal processing of NRG-beta1. These results indicate that meltrin beta participates in the processing of NRG-beta1. Since meltrin beta affected the processing of NRG-beta4 but not that of NRG-alpha2, meltrin beta was considered to have a preference for beta-type NRGs as substrate. Furthermore, the effects of the secretory pathway inhibitors suggested that meltrin beta participates in the intracellular processing of NRGs rather than the cleavage on the cell surface.