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Related Experiment Videos

Type 1/Type 2 immunity in infectious diseases.

B Spellberg1, J E Edwards

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. bjs@humc.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|December 19, 2000
PubMed
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Type 1 immunity, driven by T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, combats infections via phagocytosis. Type 2 immunity, involving T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, produces antibodies but can impair phagocytosis, requiring intervention during severe stress.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes mediate type 1 immunity, characterized by phagocytic activity and secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma.
  • T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes mediate type 2 immunity, marked by high antibody titers and secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13.
  • Type 1 and type 2 immunity are distinct from cell-mediated and humoral immunity, as Th1 cells influence antibody production and Th2 cells suppress phagocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct roles of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in immune responses.
  • To understand the conditions under which immune responses shift from type 1 to type 2.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies for restoring immune balance in compromised states.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cytokine profiles secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of immune cell activities, including phagocytosis and antibody production.
  • Evaluation of immune responses under conditions of severe systemic stress, immunosuppression, and overwhelming microbial inoculation.

    • Main Results:

    • Th1 cells promote cell-mediated immunity and moderate antibody production.
    • Th2 cells drive humoral immunity but can suppress phagocytic activity.
    • Immune systems under severe stress may inappropriately mount type 2 responses to infections typically controlled by type 1 immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • Type 1 immunity is generally protective against infections, while type 2 responses aid in resolving inflammation.
    • Severe stress or immunosuppression can trigger detrimental type 2 responses.
    • Antimicrobial chemotherapy and exogenous cytokines can restore immune balance for effective infection clearance.