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Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut

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Type 1/Type 2 immunity in infectious diseases.

B Spellberg¹, J E Edwards

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. bjs@humc.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

|December 19, 2000

Summary

Type 1 immunity, driven by T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, combats infections via phagocytosis. Type 2 immunity, involving T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, produces antibodies but can impair phagocytosis, requiring intervention during severe stress.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology

Background:

T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes mediate type 1 immunity, characterized by phagocytic activity and secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma.
T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes mediate type 2 immunity, marked by high antibody titers and secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13.
Type 1 and type 2 immunity are distinct from cell-mediated and humoral immunity, as Th1 cells influence antibody production and Th2 cells suppress phagocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the distinct roles of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in immune responses.
To understand the conditions under which immune responses shift from type 1 to type 2.
To identify therapeutic strategies for restoring immune balance in compromised states.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cytokine profiles secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells.
Assessment of immune cell activities, including phagocytosis and antibody production.
Evaluation of immune responses under conditions of severe systemic stress, immunosuppression, and overwhelming microbial inoculation.

Main Results:

Th1 cells promote cell-mediated immunity and moderate antibody production.
Th2 cells drive humoral immunity but can suppress phagocytic activity.
Immune systems under severe stress may inappropriately mount type 2 responses to infections typically controlled by type 1 immunity.

Conclusions:

Type 1 immunity is generally protective against infections, while type 2 responses aid in resolving inflammation.
Severe stress or immunosuppression can trigger detrimental type 2 responses.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy and exogenous cytokines can restore immune balance for effective infection clearance.