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Trace detection of explosives using a membrane-based displacement immunoassay.
S Y Rabbany1, W J Lane, W A Marganski
1Bioengineering Program, Hofstra University, 104 Weed Hall, Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA. eggsyr@hofstra.edu
Journal of Immunological Methods
|December 21, 2000
Summary
This study presents a reusable, reagentless sensor for rapid detection of explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) at femtomole levels. The membrane-based displacement immunoassay offers continuous monitoring with high sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Detection of explosive compounds like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is critical for security.
- Existing methods may lack the sensitivity, speed, or reusability required for continuous monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a compact, membrane-based displacement immunoassay for sensitive and rapid detection of TNT and RDX.
- To create a reusable and reagentless sensor system for explosives monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Immobilization of TNT or RDX antibodies onto activated porous membranes within microreactor columns.
- A flow system utilizing labeled antigen displacement for quantitative detection via fluorometry.
- Optimization of antibody concentration and flow rates for assay performance.
Main Results:
- Achieved high femtomole level detection limits for both TNT and RDX (approx. 450 fmol).
- Demonstrated a reusable sensor with an operating lifetime exceeding 50 positive samples.
- Assays were completed rapidly, within approximately 5 minutes per sample.
Conclusions:
- The developed membrane-based displacement immunoassay is a sensitive, rapid, and reusable platform for explosives detection.
- The system is suitable for continuous monitoring applications due to its reagentless nature and long operational life.
- This technology offers a promising approach for enhanced security screening and environmental monitoring of explosives.