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Genetic influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1Harvard Institute of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Hospital Center, Harvard University, 750 Washington Street, Suite 255, South Easton, MA 02375, USA. sfaraone@earthlink.net
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Further research is needed to clarify transmission modes and identify distinct genetic subtypes of ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Genetics
- Molecular Genetics
- Psychiatric Disorders
Background:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Strong evidence suggests a significant heritable component in ADHD etiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current behavioral and molecular genetics research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
- To highlight the need for further investigation into ADHD's genetic transmission and heterogeneity.
Main Methods:
- Review of family, twin, and adoption studies.
- Analysis of segregation and molecular genetic studies.
Main Results:
- Consistent evidence supports both genetic and environmental contributions to ADHD.
- The precise mode of ADHD genetic transmission remains to be fully elucidated.
- ADHD likely represents a genetically heterogeneous condition, necessitating subtype identification.
Conclusions:
- Genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of ADHD.
- Future research should focus on clarifying inheritance patterns and defining genetically distinct ADHD subtypes for targeted interventions.
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