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Chronic hypoosmolality induces a selective decrease in magnocellular neurone soma and nuclear size in the rat

B Zhang1, E Glasgow, T Murase

  • 1Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Journal of Neuroendocrinology
|December 21, 2000
PubMed
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Magnocellular neurones in the SON change size with hydration levels. Hyperosmolality increases cell size, while hypoosmolality decreases it, mirroring gene expression changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) regulates body fluid balance through oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) secretion.
  • Osmotic changes significantly impact OT and VP mRNA levels, increasing during hyperosmolality and decreasing during hypoosmolality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cell and nuclear sizes of magnocellular neurones in the SON change in response to hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar conditions.
  • To determine if these cellular size changes correlate with alterations in gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Neuronal cell and nuclear sizes were measured in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), and medial habenular nucleus (MHB).
  • Neurones were identified using in situ hybridization for beta(III)-tubulin mRNA and immunohistochemistry for OT and AVP.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements were taken from rats under basal, hyperosmolar, and hypoosmolar conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Magnocellular OT and VP neurones in the SON significantly increased in cell and nuclear size (approx. 170% of basal) under hyperosmolar conditions.
    • Under hypoosmolar conditions, these neurones showed a marked decrease in cell and nuclear size (approx. 60% of basal).
    • Neurones in the LOT and MHB were unaffected by osmotic challenges, indicating SON-specific responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell and nuclear size alterations in SON magnocellular neurones directly parallel changes in OT and VP gene expression.
    • These findings demonstrate significant, bidirectional changes in cell size and synthetic activity of SON neurones in response to extracellular osmolality.
    • The results support the concept of global alterations in magnocellular neurone activity during osmotic perturbations.