Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping
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Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

Published on: June 13, 2025

M S Nobler1, C C Teneback, Z Nahas

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Depression and Anxiety
|December 29, 2000
PubMed

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...