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Prolonged Microgravity Affects Human Brain Structure and Function.

D R Roberts1,2, D Asemani3, P J Nietert4

  • 1From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Science (D.R.R., D.A., D.I., T.R.B.) robertdr@musc.edu.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|October 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended space missions cause brain structure changes linked to altered motor and cognitive functions. These brain changes may also relate to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Medicine
  • Astronaut Health

Background:

  • Spaceflight is known to cause widespread brain structural changes.
  • The relationship between these structural changes and functional outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between spaceflight-induced brain structural alterations and changes in motor and cognitive function.
  • To explore potential links to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of astronaut brain MRI scans (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).
  • Quantification of pre- to postflight structural changes using Jacobian determinant.
  • Comparison of structural changes with clinical, cognitive, and motor function data.

Main Results:

  • Long-duration spaceflights (International Space Station) increased total ventricular volume (10.7%) and brain parenchyma crowding.
  • Structural changes in the caudate nucleus correlated with impaired postural control.
  • Alterations in motor and white matter regions correlated with cognitive task performance and reaction times.
  • Astronauts with spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome showed smaller ventricular volume changes.

Conclusions:

  • Brain structural changes post-spaceflight are associated with altered cognitive and motor performance.
  • These findings suggest a link between structural brain changes, functional deficits, and neuro-ocular syndrome development.