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Functional imaging studies: linking mind and basic neuroscience.

R G Shulman1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA. robert.shulman@yale.edu

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|January 4, 2001
PubMed
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Brain imaging techniques like PET and fMRI measure neurophysiology. New studies link glucose oxidation to glutamate neurotransmitter flux, revealing brain energy consumption patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Functional imaging, including Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), is crucial in psychiatry.
  • These imaging methods detect brain activity via neurophysiological changes in glucose/oxygen consumption linked to blood flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively link neurophysiological parameters to brain function.
  • To establish the relationship between glucose oxidation rates and glutamate neurotransmitter flux.
  • To understand brain energy consumption in resting and stimulated states.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) neurochemical studies in rats and humans.
  • Quantitative measurement of glucose oxidation rates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of glutamate neurotransmitter flux.

    • Main Results:

    • A quantitative coupling was established between glucose oxidation and glutamate neurotransmitter flux.
    • In awake, resting states, 70-80% of brain energy supports glutamate/glutamine neurotransmitter signaling.
    • In anesthetized animals, total signal, not just increments, indicates response.

    Conclusions:

    • Both total and differential signals reflect cortical neurotransmitter flux.
    • Total regional brain signal provides significant information about brain activity demands.
    • PET and (13)C NMR can quantify total regional signal activity, offering a measure of neurotransmitter activity.