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Meeting requirements for vitamin A.

¹Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Nutrition Reviews

|January 5, 2001

Summary

New research suggests current vitamin A activity estimates for carotenoids are too high. This means actual vitamin A intake may be lower than previously thought, necessitating new strategies to combat deficiency.

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Area of Science:

Nutrition Science
Biochemistry
Public Health

Background:

Optimal nutritional status depends on adequate nutrient intake and bioavailability.
Recent studies challenge existing methods for assessing vitamin A activity from carotenoids.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate vitamin A intake estimates based on updated bioavailability and bioconversion data for provitamin A carotenoids.
To assess the implications of revised estimates on vitamin A status in Africa, South America, and Asia.

Main Methods:

Utilized updated bioavailability and bioconversion factors for provitamin A carotenoids.
Applied revised factors to existing food balance sheet data for vitamin A intake calculations.
Compared revised intake estimates with recommended daily intakes.

Main Results:

Proposed a revised ratio: 21 microg beta-carotene equals 1 microg retinol equivalent (RE) of vitamin A.
Significantly reduced estimated per capita vitamin A intake in Africa, South America, and Asia.
Revised intakes fall below recommended levels for adult males.

Conclusions:

Current methods for estimating vitamin A activity from carotenoids overestimate bioavailability and bioconversion.
Revised estimates indicate a greater prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake globally.
New, combined strategies are required to effectively combat vitamin A deficiency.

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