Enucleation, evisceration, and sympathetic ophthalmia

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Ophthalmic Surgery

Background:

• Enucleation and evisceration are surgical procedures for eye loss.
• Complications and the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia are significant concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent studies on enucleation, evisceration, and sympathetic ophthalmia.
• To summarize advancements in implants and complication management.
• To assess the current understanding of sympathetic ophthalmia risk.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on enucleation, evisceration, and sympathetic ophthalmia.
• Analysis of case reports, clinical series, and subject overviews.
• Evaluation of data on HA implant variations and complication management techniques.

Main Results:

• New hydroxyapatite (HA) implant variations for enucleation have emerged with limited clinical data.
• Techniques for managing post-surgical complications like infection, implant exposure, and socket syndrome were detailed.
• The comparative risk of sympathetic ophthalmia following evisceration versus enucleation remains controversial and lacks consensus.

Conclusions:

• Recent research has advanced understanding of enucleation and evisceration techniques and complication management.
• Further research is needed to clarify the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia after evisceration compared to enucleation.