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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

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Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...

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Sectioning Mammary Gland Whole Mounts for Lesion Identification
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Brunner's glands: a structural, histochemical and pathological profile.

W J Krause1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.

Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
|January 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Brunner's glands in mammals produce a protective mucus layer in the duodenum. This mucus contains glycoproteins and other factors that shield the intestinal lining from damage and aid in digestion.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Brunner's glands are unique submucosal glands found in the proximal duodenum of eutherian mammals.
  • Their ducts empty into the intestinal lumen or crypts of Lieberkühn, varying by species.
  • These glands are primarily composed of mucin-producing cells, though other intestinal epithelial cells may be present.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the composition and function of secretions from Brunner's glands.
  • To understand the protective role of the mucus layer in the proximal intestinal tract.
  • To explore the molecular basis and evolutionary insights of Brunner's glands.

Main Methods:

  • Histological examination of Brunner's glands across mammalian species.
  • Biochemical analysis of glandular secretions to identify key components.
  • Molecular analysis to determine the genetic basis of mucin production (e.g., MUC6 gene).

Main Results:

  • Brunner's gland secretions form a viscoelastic mucus gel, crucial for lubrication and protection.
  • Mucin glycoproteins, particularly O-linked oligosaccharides, are key components of this protective layer.
  • Secretions contain various factors including growth factors, antimicrobial agents, and pH-modulating substances.

Conclusions:

  • Brunner's glands play a vital role in maintaining duodenal mucosal integrity through their unique secretory products.
  • The mucus barrier protects against luminal contents and contributes to digestive and immunological functions.
  • Understanding Brunner's glands provides insights into mammalian gastrointestinal physiology and evolution.