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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Systemic lupus erythematosus. Contrasts and comparisons.

J L Decker, A D Steinberg, M E Gershwin

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with diverse clinical features, often overlapping with other connective tissue diseases. This review emphasizes clinical manifestations and pathogenesis, suggesting future research directions for SLE.

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    Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

    The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
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    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Immunology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with highly variable clinical presentations.
    • Understanding SLE's manifestations is crucial for differential diagnosis, especially when compared to related connective tissue diseases.
    • Existing literature often focuses on laboratory findings, necessitating a review emphasizing clinical features.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a detailed overview of the clinical manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
    • To compare the clinical features of SLE with those of other related connective tissue diseases.
    • To discuss current concepts in SLE pathogenesis and propose future research avenues.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive review of existing literature on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
    • Comparative analysis of clinical findings in SLE versus other connective tissue diseases.
    • Synthesis of current understanding regarding SLE pathogenesis.

    Main Results:

    • SLE exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, affecting virtually any organ system.
    • Significant overlap in clinical features exists between SLE and related connective tissue diseases, complicating diagnosis.
    • Emphasis is placed on distinguishing clinical presentations rather than laboratory markers.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinical evaluation is paramount in diagnosing and managing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
    • Further research into SLE pathogenesis is needed to identify novel therapeutic targets.
    • Distinguishing SLE from similar conditions requires careful consideration of its multifaceted clinical profile.