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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

694
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

703
Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Absent Pulmonary Valve: Echocardiographic Features.

Orathai Pachirat1, James B. Seward, Patrick W. O'leary

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, NM 55905.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve is a rare defect, often seen with Tetralogy of Fallot. Echocardiography effectively diagnosed this condition, guiding surgical correction.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve is a rare cardiovascular anomaly.
  • It often presents with annular stenosis and pulmonary artery dilatation.
  • This condition is frequently associated with Tetralogy of Fallot but can occur in isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of echocardiography in diagnosing congenital absence of the pulmonary valve.
  • To assess the hemodynamic impact of this anomaly using Doppler echocardiography.
  • To determine if echocardiographic findings are sufficient for direct surgical planning.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to visualize cardiac structures.
  • Doppler echocardiography was employed for hemodynamic assessment.
  • Four patients with congenital absence of the pulmonary valve were studied.

Main Results:

  • Two-dimensional echocardiography identified the absent or rudimentary pulmonary valve and associated arterial changes.
  • Doppler echocardiography quantified pulmonary outflow obstruction and valve regurgitation.
  • Echocardiographic findings provided comprehensive diagnostic information.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography are effective tools for diagnosing congenital absence of the pulmonary valve.
  • The diagnostic information obtained is sufficient for guiding surgical intervention.
  • Echocardiography facilitates direct and timely surgical correction of this rare anomaly.