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Monkeypoxvirus infections.

S R Pattyn1

  • 1Institute of Tropical Medicine and University Hospital Antwerpen, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.

Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Monkeypox cases in Africa are rare and do not spread easily between humans. Human infections originate from African tree squirrels, but societal changes may reduce this risk.

Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human monkeypox cases have emerged in West and Central Africa during and after the smallpox eradication efforts.
  • These occurrences have been documented as isolated incidents or small-scale epidemics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the transmission dynamics and public health threat of monkeypox virus in humans.
  • To identify the natural reservoir and transmission routes of monkeypox.
  • To discuss the implications of smallpox virus stocks in light of monkeypox epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on human monkeypox cases in Africa.
  • Analysis of documented transmission patterns, focusing on human-to-human spread.
  • Identification of the animal reservoir and human exposure pathways.

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Main Results:

  • Human-to-human transmission of monkeypox is exceptionally rare, suggesting it does not pose a significant public health threat.
  • The primary reservoir for monkeypox virus is identified as tree squirrels in African tropical rainforests.
  • Human infections are typically acquired through direct contact with infected animals during hunting and preparation.

Conclusions:

  • Monkeypox is not considered a serious threat to humans due to limited human-to-human transmission.
  • Societal modernization may decrease human contact with the natural virus reservoir.
  • The political question of destroying variola virus stocks is complicated by international mistrust.