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Stress-induced decrease of the intestinal barrier function. The role of muscarinic receptor activation.

J Groot1, P Bijlsma, A Van Kalkeren

  • 1Institute for Neurobiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. groot@bio.uva.nl

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Stress disrupts the intestinal barrier, increasing permeability to large molecules like antigens and toxins. This involves changes in tight junctions and increased transcytosis, influenced by neural pathways and individual coping styles.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium acts as a crucial barrier against harmful substances.
  • Stress is known to impact physiological functions, including gut health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of psychological and physical stress on intestinal barrier function in rats.
  • To identify the cellular and neural pathways involved in stress-induced intestinal permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Application of an experimental stress protocol (psychological and physical) to rats.
  • Assessment of intestinal permeability to small and large molecules.
  • Analysis of the zonula occludens and endocytotic activity.
  • Investigation of cellular signaling pathways (protein kinase C, muscarinic, histamine receptors).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of the role of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic branch).

    • Main Results:

    • Stress significantly increased intestinal permeability, allowing passage of macromolecules like antigens and toxins.
    • Increased permeability was linked to reduced tight junction integrity (zonula occludens) and enhanced transcytosis.
    • Activation of protein kinase C pathways via muscarinic or histamine receptors may underlie these changes.
    • The parasympathetic nervous system appears to mediate stress signals to the gut.
    • Different rat strains exhibited varied responses, suggesting a role for coping style.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental stress compromises intestinal barrier integrity, increasing permeability to harmful substances.
    • Neural and cellular mechanisms, including the autonomic nervous system and specific signaling pathways, are involved in this stress response.
    • Individual coping mechanisms can modulate the gut's susceptibility to stress-induced barrier dysfunction.