[Anesthesia for inguinal hernioplasty: a comparison of techniques]

New surgical and modern anaesthesia techniques for inguinal hernioplasty have significantly reduced the duration of the procedure and the postoperative length of hospital stay. From 1994 to 1998, 405 patients with a mean age of 54.7 years (range: from 18 to 90) undergoing inguinal hernioplasty were studied. Four different anaesthetic techniques were used: (i) surgical field infiltration (SFI) with 0.5% carbonated lidocaine + 0.125% bupivacaine (193 pts.) in which monitored anaesthesia care was administered with propofol (3 to 4 mg/kg/h) when necessary; (ii) epidural anaesthesia with 2% lidocaine + fentanyl 100 mg (137 pts.); (iii) general anesthesia with isoflurane and fentanyl in N2O:O2 (48 pts.); and (iv) intrathecal anaesthesia with 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine 1-2 ml (25 pts.). Intra- and postoperative complications, intraoperative sedation, postoperative supplemental drugs for analgesia and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test Anova, Bonferroni post hoc analysis, chi square, and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Intraoperative hypotension/brachycardia were observed in 4 patients (2%) in the SFI group and in 6 patients (4%) in the epidural group. Sedation was required in 29.5% of patients in the SFI group and in 15.3% in the epidural group (P < 0.05). Postoperative supplemental analgesic drugs administered and length of hospital stay were similar in the 4 groups. No difference in intra- and postoperative complications was observed among the 4 groups. Patients who required sedation in the SFI group were significantly more numerous than those with epidural anaesthesia. In conclusion, both SFI and epidural anaesthesia are safe and suitable for the inguinal hernioplasty procedure, without intra- or postoperative complications.