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Related Experiment Videos

Contrasts and correlations in effect-size estimation.

R L Rosnow1, R Rosenthal, D B Rubin

  • 1Department of Psychology, Temple University, 177 Biddulph Rd., Radnor, PA, USA. rrosnow@nimbus.temple.edu

Psychological Science
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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This study details standardized effect size measures, like Hedges's g and Cohen's d, for comparing two samples. It also introduces correlation indices for complex contrasts across multiple groups, enhancing data interpretation.

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Statistical Analysis
  • Data Interpretation

Background:

  • Standardized effect size measures are crucial for interpreting research findings.
  • Comparing groups often involves focused questions addressed by statistical contrasts.
  • Existing measures may require adaptation for complex experimental designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline procedures for presenting standardized effect size measures with contrasts.
  • To adapt effect size calculations for unequal sample sizes.
  • To introduce and explain a family of correlation indices for multi-group comparisons.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing formulas for calculating Hedges's g, Cohen's d, and Pearson r.
  • Describing transformations between these effect size measures.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Presenting four related correlation indices: alerting, contrast, effect-size, and BESD correlations.

    • Main Results:

    • Formulas for g or d from t and r from g are adjusted for unequal sample sizes.
    • The correlational approach is adaptable and interpretable for more than two groups.
    • Four conceptually related correlation indices are defined, with three being identical for two-group comparisons.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized effect sizes are essential for focused data questions using contrasts.
    • The correlational approach offers a flexible and interpretable method for complex comparisons.
    • The proposed correlation indices extend effect size interpretation beyond simple two-group comparisons.