Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

The Influence of Affect on Cognition

Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
Introspection01:29

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Scientific workflow in experimental economics.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

2D:4D and Self-Employment: A Preregistered Replication Study in a Large General Population Sample.

Entrepreneurship theory and practice·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Reproducibility and robustness of economics and political science research.

Nature·2026
Same author

Investigating the replicability of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026
Same author

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026
Same author

Reproducibility and robustness of economics and political science research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Boosting Media Literacy Using Lateral Reading and Online Search Interventions.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

A Field Experiment Testing Whether Accountability Reduces Racial Gaps in Performance Evaluations.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Does Overconfidence Really Confer Adaptive Benefits to Children's Learning?

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

How Does the Mind Grow? Cross-Cultural Intuitive Theories of Mental Development.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Not All Practice Is Created Equal: Longitudinal Evidence From Over 40,000 Chess Players.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Eye Glint as a Novel Perceptual Cue in Human Vision.

Psychological science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

Does Testosterone Affect Cognitive Reflection? Evidence From a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study of 1,000

Erik L Knight1, Gideon Nave2, Steven D Shaw2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.

Psychological Science
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testosterone administration did not significantly impact cognitive reflection test performance in men. However, it did significantly decrease confidence levels, challenging previous findings and emphasizing the need for large-scale replications in cognitive science research.

Keywords:
cognitive reflectionexperimenthormonesoverconfidencerandomized trialtestosterone

More Related Videos

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) assesses intuitive versus deliberate thinking.
  • Previous studies suggested testosterone impairs CRT performance, but replications yielded null results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously investigate the effect of testosterone on CRT performance and confidence.
  • To address conflicting findings in prior testosterone-cognition research.

Main Methods:

  • A large, preregistered, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment with 1,000 adult men.
  • Administration of intranasal testosterone or placebo, followed by CRT and confidence ratings.

Main Results:

  • No significant effect of testosterone on CRT performance (βLOGIT = 0.118, CI = [-0.099, 0.335]).
  • Significant negative effect of testosterone on confidence ratings (βLOGIT = -0.329, CI = [-0.558, -0.100]).

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge prior claims of testosterone impairing cognitive reflection.
  • Highlight the necessity of high-powered studies for reliable replication in cognitive research.
  • Long-term or developmental testosterone effects warrant further investigation.