Spatial- and verbal-memory improvement by cold-water caloric stimulation in healthy subjects

We investigated the effects of unilateral cold-water vestibular stimulation on healthy subjects' performance in two cognitive tasks known to be differentially mediated by the two cerebral hemispheres. In a first experiment (right-hemisphere task), subjects memorized object-location associations while being stimulated with cold water in the left ear or right ear or not at all (control group). In the second experiment (left-hemisphere task), subjects memorized a list of sequentially presented function words while being stimulated in the same manner as the subjects in the first experiment. A recall phase followed each encoding phase. In the first experiment, subjects who had been stimulated in the left ear recalled the object locations significantly faster than subjects who had been stimulated in the right ear and those in the control group. The second experiment yielded the reverse pattern: correct word recognition was faster for subjects who had been stimulated in the right ear than for subjects stimulated in the left ear and those of the control group. We suggest that unilateral caloric stimulation leads to a selective activation of contralateral cerebral structures and speeds up cognitive processes mediated by these structures. These results are discussed with respect to findings in neglect patients and functional-imaging studies in healthy subjects.