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Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

What is a Sensory System?

What is a Sensory System?

Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

Neonatal cerebral infarction.

¹Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9129, USA.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology

|February 24, 2001

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal cerebral infarction, often without a clear cause, presents with subtle symptoms like focal motor seizures. Many infants achieve good motor recovery, but long-term cognitive and developmental effects require further study.

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Published on: November 6, 2012

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neonatology
Pediatrics

Background:

Neonatal cerebral infarction is a significant concern in term infants.
Potential causes include meningitis, coagulopathies, trauma, and hypoxia-ischemia, though a specific etiology remains unidentified in many cases.
Neurologic symptoms can be nonspecific, complicating early diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the causes, presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of neonatal cerebral infarction.
To highlight the diagnostic utility of advanced neuroimaging techniques.
To discuss the neurodevelopmental prognosis for affected infants.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on neonatal cerebral infarction.
Emphasis on diagnostic imaging modalities like cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighting and ultrasonography with Doppler.
Analysis of neurodevelopmental outcomes reported in affected infants.

Main Results:

Focal motor seizures are the most common presenting symptom.
Cranial MRI with diffusion-weighting is the most sensitive diagnostic tool.
Ultrasonography with Doppler is valuable for critically ill neonates.
Many infants demonstrate surprisingly good neurodevelopmental outcomes with complete motor function recovery.

Conclusions:

Neonatal cerebral infarction has diverse etiologies, with diagnosis often challenging due to nonspecific symptoms.
Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial for management and prognosis.
While motor recovery is often favorable, the long-term impact on cognitive, language, and socio-emotional development warrants further investigation.