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Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine

T V Murphy1, P M Gargiullo, M S Massoudi

  • 1Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. tvmurphy@cdc.gov

The New England Journal of Medicine
|February 24, 2001
PubMed

Insights

The tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) is linked to an increased risk of intussusception in infants. This study found a causal relationship, highlighting the need for safer rotavirus vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Intussusception is a serious intestinal obstruction where a segment of bowel prolapses into another.
  • Nine infant cases of intussusception post-RRV-TV vaccination prompted this investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential association between the rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) and intussusception in infants.
  • To determine if RRV-TV vaccination increases the risk of intussusception in infants aged 1 to 12 months.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted across 19 states, analyzing infants hospitalized between November 1998 and June 1999.
  • Infants with intussusception were matched with four healthy controls by age and birthplace.
  • Vaccination status was verified by healthcare providers.

Main Results:

  • The study analyzed 429 infants with intussusception and 1763 controls.
  • A statistically significant increased risk of intussusception was observed 3-14 days after the first RRV-TV dose (OR 21.7).
  • An estimated 1 case of intussusception per 4670-9474 vaccinated infants was calculated.

Conclusions:

  • A strong causal association exists between RRV-TV vaccination and intussusception in healthy infants.
  • The findings underscore the urgent need for rotavirus vaccines with enhanced safety profiles.
Abstract

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