Separation-individuation phenomena in adulthood: general concepts and the fifth individuation

The elaboration of separation-individuation theory in the years beyond childhood has been a psychoanalytic focus for several decades. In this paper, the nature of separation-individuation phenomena in adulthood and the terminology and controversy surrounding the use of the terms third, fourth, and fifth individuation are considered first; a detailed elaboration of the concept of the fifth individuation in late adulthood follows.