Genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on human amniotic fluid cells cultured in vitro

In this study we report the results of cytogenetic tests, namely a search for chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), performed on human amniotic fluid cells cultured and treated with Cadmium chloride. The cells from primary cultures were exposed to CdCl2 at 1 microM and 10 microM for 24 h. At the higher dose, no metaphases were scored and at the lower dose (1 microM) no effects were evident on cell proliferation, and no chromosome aberrations were found. In the subsequent experiments we used cells from subcultures exposed to 1 microM and 5 microM CdCl2. At the 5 microM dose was evident the induction of chromatid breaks, while the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges shows a small increase, not statistically significant at the dose of 1 microM. In this study we positively demonstrated that amniotic fluid cells grown in vitro are reliable for testing various mutagenic or teratogenic substances. With regard to cadmium treatment results, it is evident a clastogenic effect of cadmium chloride but not a significant induction of SCEs.