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Anticancer drug-induced kidney disorders.

P E Kintzel1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Harper Hospital, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. kintzelpe@aol.com

Drug Safety
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Anticancer drugs can cause kidney damage (nephrotoxicity), leading to various forms of renal dysfunction. This review covers the incidence, presentation, prevention, and management of this common chemotherapy side effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nephrotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of many anticancer drugs.
  • Renal dysfunction in cancer patients can stem from disease-related or iatrogenic causes.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and manifestations of drug-induced kidney injury is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, presentation, prevention, and management of anticancer drug-induced renal dysfunction.
  • To discuss the classification and mechanisms of chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity.
  • To highlight specific nephrotoxic agents and their associated renal toxicities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Analysis of clinical signs, laboratory findings, and pathological processes.
  • Discussion of preventative strategies and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Anticancer drugs cause nephrotoxicity through various mechanisms including direct tubular damage, vascular injury, and hemodynamic changes.
  • Specific agents like cisplatin, carboplatin, ifosfamide, and methotrexate are associated with distinct patterns of renal dysfunction.
  • Management strategies involve dose modification, supportive care, and the use of specific antidotes where available.

Conclusions:

  • Anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a complex issue requiring careful monitoring and management.
  • Early recognition of renal dysfunction and prompt intervention can mitigate severe outcomes.
  • Further research into nephroprotective strategies is warranted to improve cancer treatment safety.

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