Determination of some trace elements in human tooth enamel.

Area of Science:

• Dental research
• Trace element analysis
• Human physiology

Background:

• Human tooth enamel composition varies with age and environmental exposure.
• Understanding elemental distribution is crucial for dental health and forensic science.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify seven elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn) in whole and layered human enamel.
• To compare elemental concentrations between different age groups and historical samples.
• To investigate the influence of de- and remineralization on enamel elemental profiles.

Main Methods:

• Whole enamel and successive 50-micrometer layers were analyzed using FAAS, ETA AAS, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS.
• Acid dissolution techniques were employed for enamel sample preparation.
• Analysis included samples from individuals under and over 20 years of age, and Bronze Age teeth.

Main Results:

• Most elements (except Sr, Mg) showed higher concentrations in the outer enamel layer (50 micrometers) compared to whole enamel.
• Individuals over 20 years exhibited higher concentrations, indicating cumulative effects.
• Elemental concentrations generally decreased towards the enamel-dentine junction, except for Mg and Sr.

Conclusions:

• Elemental distribution in enamel is influenced by age and cumulative exposure.
• Surface de- and remineralization processes significantly affect enamel composition up to 150 micrometers depth.
• The findings provide insights into enamel's interaction with its environment.