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Contextual modulation in primary visual cortex of macaques.

A F Rossi1, R Desimone, L G Ungerleider

  • 1Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. rossi@ln.nimh.nih.gov

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|February 27, 2001
PubMed
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Visual cortex (V1) neurons signal texture boundaries, not figures, responding only when boundaries are near the receptive field (RF). Surprising long-latency responses outside the RF did not depend on figure formation, challenging V1

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research suggested V1 neurons extract figures from backgrounds, responding preferentially to figure interiors.
  • This proposed figure-ground segregation capability extends to stimuli where figure boundaries lie outside the classical receptive field (RF).
  • The precise role of V1 neurons in visual scene segmentation remains an active area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of V1 neurons in figure-ground segregation using texture-defined figures.
  • To determine if V1 neuronal responses differ for figure versus background stimuli.
  • To examine the spatial extent and conditions influencing contextual modulation in V1.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded neuronal responses in V1 and V2 of animals viewing texture figures on texture backgrounds.

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  • Figure boundaries were defined by orientation differences, with stimuli centered on the classical receptive field (RF).
  • Varied stimulus contrast and introduced reward contingencies for figure detection.

    • Main Results:

    • V1 neuronal responses did not significantly differ between large texture figures and uniform backgrounds (98/102 neurons).
    • Enhanced responses to texture boundaries were observed only when boundaries were within or near the RF.
    • Significant long-latency responses to stimuli outside the classical RF were found, but these were independent of figure formation.

    Conclusions:

    • V1 neurons primarily signal texture boundaries rather than abstract figures.
    • The contextual modulation in V1 has a limited spatial extent, primarily driven by RF proximity.
    • V1 neurons are influenced by extra-classical RF stimuli, but do not appear to perform figure-ground segregation.