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Morphologic degeneration of human microvascular endothelial cells induced by iodinated contrast media
1Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Insights
Ioxaglate, an ionic contrast medium, causes direct cell damage to microvascular endothelial cells, unlike nonionic iohexol. This cytotoxicity may explain adverse effects like phlebitis and thrombosis.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Biology
- Cellular Toxicology
- Medical Imaging Contrast Agents
Background:
- Contrast media are essential in medical imaging.
- Iodinated contrast media can cause adverse reactions.
- Endothelial cell dysfunction is implicated in vascular complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the adverse effects of ioxaglate and iohexol on human microvascular endothelial cells.
- To investigate the potential link between contrast media-induced endothelial damage and clinical outcomes like phlebitis, pain, and thrombosis.
Main Methods:
- Human microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to ioxaglate (ionic) and iohexol (nonionic) at varying concentrations (100-150 mg/mL) and time points (10-60 minutes).
- Morphologic degeneration was assessed visually.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux was measured as an indicator of cell viability.
Main Results:
- Ioxaglate induced significant, dose- and time-dependent morphologic degeneration in endothelial cells.
- Iohexol did not cause observable morphologic damage.
- Ioxaglate exposure increased LDH efflux, indicating reduced cell viability, particularly at higher concentrations and longer exposure times.
Conclusions:
- Ioxaglate exhibits direct cytotoxicity to human microvascular endothelial cells, unlike iohexol.
- This cytotoxic effect of ioxaglate likely contributes to endothelial dysfunction.
- The findings suggest ioxaglate's role in adverse events such as phlebitis, pain, and thrombosis.
Rationale And Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to characterize the adverse effects of iohexol and ioxaglate on human microvascular endothelial cells, which may result in phlebitis, pain, and thrombosis.
Materials And Methods:
The degree of morphologic degeneration and of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux into the extracellular medium (as an index of cell viability) were determined in endothelial cell culture exposed for 10, 30, or 60 minutes to ioxaglate or iohexol (ionic and nonionic contrast media, respectively) at iodine concentrations of 100 or 150 mg/mL.
Results:
Ioxaglate induced concentration- and time-dependent morphologic degeneration, including shrinkage and loss of the cell tip in 20%-80% of endothelial cells; iohexol did not. After 60 minutes of exposure, ioxaglate at the higher concentration (150 mg iodine per milliliter) significantly increased the LDH signal (ie, the percentage of LDH released), to 20%.
Conclusion:
The present findings demonstrate that ioxaglate but not iohexol causes morphologic degeneration of the microvascular endothelial cells. This direct cytotoxic action of ioxaglate probably causes endothelial cell dysfunction, closely associated with the occurrence of phlebitis, pain, and thrombosis.