Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In Memory and Celebration: Dr. James J. Lee.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2017
Same author

Repeat treatment of acute hereditary angioedema attacks with open-label icatibant in the FAST-1 trial.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2014
Same author

Eosinophil major basic protein activates human cord blood mast cells primed with fibroblast membranes by integrin-β1.

Allergy·2013
Same author

The consequences of not having eosinophils.

Allergy·2013
Same author

Eosinophil peroxidase induces the expression and function of acid-sensing ion channel-3 in allergic rhinitis: in vitro evidence in cultured epithelial cells.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2012
Same author

The role of eosinophil major basic protein in angiogenesis.

Allergy·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays
11:31

Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays

Published on: July 4, 2018

Bile acids induce eosinophil degranulation by two different mechanisms.

K Yamazaki1, G J Gleich, H Kita

  • 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
|March 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Bile acids directly activate eosinophils, a key immune cell in bile duct diseases. This study reveals how specific bile acids trigger eosinophil degranulation and cytokine release, offering new insights into immune cholangiopathies.

More Related Videos

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays
11:31

Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays

Published on: July 4, 2018

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eosinophils and bile acids are implicated in immune cholangiopathies.
  • Bile acids may interact with immune cells near damaged bile ducts.
  • The direct effect of bile acids on eosinophils remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if bile acids directly activate eosinophils.
  • To determine the mechanisms of bile acid-induced eosinophil effector functions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays using human eosinophils.
  • Exposure to varying concentrations of taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid.
  • Assessment of eosinophil degranulation, superoxide production, IL-8 release, cell morphology, and viability.
  • Use of tyrosine kinase and microfilament inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Hydrophobic TCDCA induced eosinophil degranulation via two distinct mechanisms: regulated release at lower concentrations and passive cytolysis at higher concentrations.
  • Low to moderate TCDCA concentrations stimulated superoxide and IL-8 production, indicative of active eosinophil function.
  • Hydrophilic taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid also activated eosinophils, but with lower potency than TCDCA.

Conclusions:

  • Bile acids are direct activators of human eosinophils.
  • Concentration-dependent mechanisms explain bile acid-induced eosinophil degranulation and effector functions.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the role of bile acids in immune cholangiopathies.