Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
09:22

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Chronic pulmonary insufficiency in children and its effects on growth and development

S A Abrams1

  • 1U.S. Department of Agriculture/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. sabrams@bcm.tmc.edu

The Journal of Nutrition
|March 10, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Chronic pulmonary insufficiency in children, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cystic fibrosis, impairs growth and development. Aggressive nutritional and pulmonary management, plus micronutrient supplementation, can improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pulmonology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Chronic pulmonary insufficiency affects infants and children, leading to growth failure and developmental delays.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cystic fibrosis are common severe conditions causing respiratory issues.
  • These conditions result in decreased energy intake and increased energy expenditure, impacting growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between chronic pulmonary insufficiency and impaired growth/development in children.
  • To highlight the role of nutritional and pulmonary management in improving long-term outcomes.
  • To investigate the potential benefits of micronutrient supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing evidence on pediatric pulmonary conditions.
  • Analysis of growth, energy balance, and developmental data in affected children.
  • Examination of the impact of nutritional interventions and micronutrient supplementation.

Main Results:

  • Chronic pulmonary conditions significantly impede growth and development in pediatric populations.
  • Both BPD and cystic fibrosis are associated with reduced energy intake and increased energy expenditure.
  • Infants with BPD may experience developmental delays independent of prematurity.

Conclusions:

  • Improved pulmonary and aggressive nutritional management are crucial for children with chronic pulmonary insufficiency.
  • Targeted micronutrient supplementation, including antioxidants, may enhance pulmonary and nutritional status.
  • A holistic approach addressing both respiratory and nutritional needs is vital for optimizing outcomes.

More Related Videos

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure08:17

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...