Early detection of COPD in a high-risk population using spirometric screening

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Public Health
• Respiratory Diagnostics

Background:

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) poses a significant health burden, particularly in populations with a history of smoking.
• Early detection of airflow obstruction is crucial for timely intervention and management of COPD.
• Targeted screening in high-risk groups can improve diagnostic yield and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the effectiveness of mass spirometry for identifying airflow obstruction in a high-risk population.
• To determine the prevalence of airflow obstruction among smokers and ex-smokers aged over 39 with a significant smoking history.

Main Methods:

• A mass spirometry screening program was implemented in pulmonary outpatient clinics across 12 Polish cities.
• Free spirometry (measuring FVC and FEV1) was offered to individuals over 39 years old with a smoking history exceeding 10 pack-years.
• Participants received information on COPD causes and symptoms, alongside spirometry and smoking cessation advice.

Main Results:

• Spirometric signs of airflow obstruction were detected in 24.3% of all screened subjects.
• Among smokers aged 40 years or older with a smoking history of over 10 pack-years, the prevalence of airway obstruction was 30.6%.
• Mild, moderate, and severe obstruction were found in 9.5%, 9.6%, and 5.2% of subjects, respectively.

Conclusions:

• Mass spirometry is an effective and accessible tool for the early detection of COPD in high-risk populations.
• The study highlights the utility of widespread spirometry screening in identifying individuals with undiagnosed airflow obstruction.