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The immunological synapse.

S K Bromley¹, W R Burack, K G Johnson

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Annual Review of Immunology

|March 13, 2001

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The immunological synapse forms via T cell-APC interactions, involving membrane structure, signaling, and cell polarization. This review details synapse formation in T cells and natural killer cells.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The adaptive immune response relies on T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions at the immunological synapse.
Understanding synapse formation is crucial for T cell activation and immune response modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the concept of immunological synapse formation.
To explore the roles of membrane structure, T cell polarity, signaling pathways, and APCs in this process.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on immunological synapse formation.
Analysis of T cell polarization, membrane domains, and signaling pathways.
Extension of models to natural killer (NK) cell synapses.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Membrane domains compartmentalize the immunological synapse.
T cell polarization enhances antigen sensitivity.
Signaling and synapse formation are intertwined in mature T cells.
Inhibitory NK synapses demonstrate signaling's role in synapse state.

Conclusions:

Immunological synapse formation is a complex process involving multiple cellular components and signaling events.
The APC plays an active role, especially in naive T cell activation.
Models of synapse formation can be extended to NK cells, highlighting inhibitory mechanisms.