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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...

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A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
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Open systems: panoramic views of gene expression.

C D Green1, J F Simons, B E Taillon

  • 1CuraGen Corporation, Departments of Gene Discovery and Engineering and Technology Development, 555 Long Wharf Drive, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Journal of Immunological Methods
|March 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Open architecture differential gene expression (DGE) technologies offer a versatile approach for biological research and drug discovery. These methods, unlike closed systems, require no prior sequence information and can be applied across species for novel gene discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Differential gene expression (DGE) technologies have evolved significantly since the early 1990s.
  • These technologies are crucial for basic biological research and pharmaceutical development.
  • Open architecture DGE systems offer advantages over closed systems like qPCR and chip technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review 'open' architecture differential gene expression (DGE) technologies.
  • To highlight their applicability to any species without pre-existing sequence information.
  • To discuss data management and experimental design for expression analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of open architecture DGE technologies including GeneCalling, SAGE, TOGA, and READS.
  • Review of progenitor technologies: differential display and cDNA representational difference analysis.
  • Summary of a GeneCalling application for novel gene discovery.

Main Results:

  • Open architecture DGE systems are versatile and do not require prior biological or sequence information.
  • These technologies are applicable to any species, facilitating broad research applications.
  • GeneCalling has been successfully applied for novel gene discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Open architecture DGE technologies represent a powerful, adaptable tool for biological research and drug discovery.
  • Their species-agnostic nature and minimal prerequisite data requirements enhance their utility.
  • Effective data management and experimental design are critical for maximizing the impact of expression analysis.