Sexual function and aging in men and women: community and population-based studies

Research has consistently shown a decline in sexual activity with age for both men and women, with the reasons differing by gender. For men, the decline is primarily due to age, poor health, and medications, all of which have been related to erectile dysfunction. For women, health is less of a factor; having a functioning partner is a more important variable. Menopause has some negative impact on women's sexual interest and desire, but psychosocial factors appear to be more important. This article reviews research on age, gender, and human sexuality in the general (nonpatient) population. Additional longitudinal research is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of declining ovarian function on postmenopausal women; the ways in which aging influences partners over time; and the impact of new medications and generational changes in sexual mores on sexual function in both genders.