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The shifting perspectives model of chronic illness
1University of British Columbia School of Nursing, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5. paterson@nursing.ubc.ca
Summary
The Shifting Perspectives Model redefines chronic illness as a dynamic process, not a linear path. This model explains how individuals with chronic illness shift focus between illness and wellness, impacting health decisions.
Area of Science:
- Qualitative Health Research
- Chronic Illness Experience
- Sociology of Health
Background:
- Previous models often assumed a linear trajectory for chronic illness.
- Understanding the lived experience of chronic illness is crucial for effective care.
- Qualitative research provides deep insights into patient perspectives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce the Shifting Perspectives Model of Chronic Illness.
- To synthesize findings from 292 qualitative studies on chronic illness experiences.
- To challenge existing assumptions about living with chronic disease.
Main Methods:
- A metasynthesis of 292 qualitative studies involving adults with chronic illness.
- Utilized the Metastudy method, comprising meta-data-analysis, metamethod, and metatheory.
- Generated new knowledge through a synthesis component of the findings.
Main Results:
- The Shifting Perspectives Model challenges linear trajectories of chronic illness.
- Living with chronic illness is presented as an ongoing, shifting process.
- Individuals adopt either an illness-in-the-foreground or wellness-in-the-foreground perspective, each with distinct functions.
Conclusions:
- The model explains variations in symptom attention among individuals with chronic illness.
- It offers insights into seemingly detrimental health behaviors.
- Provides guidance for healthcare professionals in supporting individuals with chronic illness.