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Bone tissue engineering in a rotating bioreactor using a microcarrier matrix system.

E A Botchwey1, S R Pollack, E M Levine

  • 1Center for Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|March 20, 2001
PubMed
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Researchers developed novel, lighter-than-water polymeric scaffolds for growing bone tissue in vitro. These scaffolds, used in a rotating bioreactor, successfully supported osteoblast-like cells, promoting bone formation and retaining their phenotype.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Developing effective scaffolds for in vitro bone tissue regeneration is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine.
  • Traditional scaffolds can face challenges with nutrient delivery and waste removal in bioreactor systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create novel, lighter-than-water polymeric scaffolds for enhanced in vitro bone tissue growth.
  • To evaluate the performance of these scaffolds in a rotating bioreactor system with osteoblast-like cells.

Main Methods:

  • Polymer microencapsulation was used to create hollow, lighter-than-water microcarriers of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
  • Microcarriers were sintered to form 3D scaffolds (500-860 µm) with interconnected pores (187 µm) and low density (0.65 g/mL).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Scaffold motion and fluid dynamics in a rotating bioreactor were analyzed using simulations and particle tracking.

    • Main Results:

    • Scaffolds exhibited stable trajectories and low terminal velocity (98 mm/s) in the bioreactor, preventing wall collisions.
    • Osteoblast-like cells readily attached to scaffolds, achieving high seeding density (6.5 x 10^4 cells/cm^2) with minimal shear stress (3.9 dynes/cm^2).
    • Cells cultured on scaffolds maintained their osteoblastic phenotype, showing increased alkaline phosphatase expression and alizarin red staining compared to static controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Lighter-than-water polymeric scaffolds are effective for in vitro bone tissue engineering in a rotating bioreactor.
    • The scaffold design and bioreactor system promote cell attachment, viability, and osteogenic differentiation.
    • This approach offers a promising strategy for generating mineralized bone tissue for therapeutic applications.