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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Histone acetylases--versatile players.

Y Nakatani1

  • 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. nakatani@mac.com

Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms
|March 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone acetylases are key regulators of gene transcription within chromatin. These enzymes modify histones, influencing gene activation and repression, and may also impact DNA metabolism.

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Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
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An Acetyl-Click Chemistry Assay to Measure Histone Acetyltransferase 1 Acetylation
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomic DNA is organized into chromatin.
  • Gene regulation within chromatin is a fundamental biological question.
  • Histone acetylation is a key epigenetic mechanism influencing gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by histone acetylases.
  • To understand the role of histone acetylases in chromatin contexts.
  • To investigate potential roles of histone acetylases beyond transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Studies utilizing highly purified histone acetylase enzymes.
  • Analysis of histone acetylation patterns.
  • Investigating gene expression changes in response to acetylation.

Main Results:

  • Histone acetylases are crucial for transcriptional control.
  • Acetylation and deacetylation of histones reversibly modulate gene activity.
  • Evidence suggests histone acetylases participate in DNA metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Histone acetylases play a significant role in regulating gene transcription within chromatin.
  • The function of histone acetylases may extend to other DNA metabolic processes.
  • Further research into histone acetylase mechanisms is warranted.