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Metabolic acidosis.

E R Swenson1

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. eswenson@u.washington.edu

Respiratory Care
|March 23, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic acidosis, a condition from various diseases or heavy exercise, impacts the body through its rate of change and cause. Diagnosis involves clinical data and lab values, with treatment focusing on supportive care and addressing the underlying cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Metabolic acidosis is a complex condition with diverse causes, including disease states and physiological responses like heavy exercise.
  • Understanding the rate of change and specific etiology is crucial for assessing the pathophysiological impact of metabolic acidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the whole body, organ, and cellular effects of metabolic acidosis.
  • To outline diagnostic strategies based on pathophysiological categories.
  • To discuss current treatment approaches for metabolic acidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is achieved through a comprehensive synthesis of clinical history, physical examination, hematological values, serum and urinary chemistries, and arterial blood gases.
  • Calculation of anion and osmolal gaps aids in narrowing diagnostic possibilities.

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  • Treatment focuses on supportive care and addressing the root cause of the acidosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Metabolic acidosis can arise from increased acid production, exogenous acid administration, base losses, or impaired renal acid secretion.
    • Most metabolic acidosis states resolve spontaneously once the initiating cause is removed or reversed.
    • Alkalinizing agents have controversial utility, except in specific cases like hyperkalemia or certain ingestions.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of metabolic acidosis requires accurate diagnosis through integrated clinical and laboratory data.
    • Treatment primarily involves supportive care and etiological treatment, as spontaneous correction is common.
    • The role of alkalinizing agents in metabolic acidosis treatment remains a subject of ongoing debate and specific indications.