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The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism
J T Manning1, S Baron-Cohen, S Wheelwright
1Population and Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|March 27, 2001
Summary
The 2D:4D digit ratio may indicate autism risk, potentially linked to prenatal testosterone. Lower ratios were observed in individuals with autism and their families, while Asperger syndrome showed higher ratios.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology is complex, with prenatal hormonal influences proposed.
- The 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D) is a potential marker for prenatal androgen exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between 2D:4D ratios and autism spectrum disorder.
- To explore the potential role of prenatal testosterone in autism etiology.
Main Methods:
- Measured 2D:4D ratios in children with autism, Asperger syndrome (AS), siblings, parents, and controls.
- Recruited 95 families through the National Autistic Society, UK.
Main Results:
- Children with autism and their relatives exhibited lower 2D:4D ratios compared to population norms.
- Children with AS showed higher 2D:4D ratios than those with autism but lower than controls.
- Positive associations were found between the 2D:4D ratios of children with autism and their family members.
Conclusions:
- The 2D:4D ratio may serve as a potential biomarker for autism.
- Findings suggest a possible link between prenatal testosterone levels and autism spectrum disorder.