New patterns of community care: coordinated services for dually diagnosed adults in North Carolina

North Carolina has developed coordinated care systems for people dually diagnosed with both a mental retardation and a different major mental illness. In response to a class action lawsuit, the state has become a leader in treatment of this form of dual diagnosis. Systems of care for this "Thomas S class" operate in each of 41 area programs for mental health, developmental disabilities, and substance abuse. Networks of care among leaders in mental health and developmental disability promote the coordination of health, housing, social, and vocational services. A survey of 100 area program leaders finds extensive cooperation and a variety of services provided and contracted for, both within and beyond each area program, particularly among developmental disability specialists. Cooperation among leaders is associated with service variety and inter-organizational linkages. The extent of relationships among provider organizations is associated with better access to care. Best practice includes a single portal of entry and inter-agency councils.