Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 9, 2026

Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task
Published on: December 5, 2025
Nonverbal Displays as Indicants of Task Difficulty
Daniel Hrubes1, Robert S. Feldman
1University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Abstract:
Accurately determining when students are having difficulty with cognitive tasks is important in educational settings. This study investigated whether college students emitted observable displays of cognitive difficulty when engaged in solitary problem-solving tasks. Participants high and low in self-monitoring tendencies were videotaped while solving both hard and easy problems. Ten-second segments of the videotapes were rated for displayed difficulty levels. Results indicate that college students do emit nonverbal displays indicating task difficulty: Students' displayed significantly less difficulty while solving easy problems than while solving hard problems. Results also indicated that the difficulty displays of low self-monitors were more discernible than the difficulty displays of high self-monitors. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Related Concept Videos
Non-Verbal Cues
Therapeutic Communication
Verbal communication depends on language or a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively. The critical aspects of verbal...
