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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
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Vortex dynamics in superconducting MgB2 and prospects for applications.

Y Bugoslavsky1, G K Perkins, X Qi

  • 1Centre for High Temperature Superconductivity, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK. y.bugoslav@ic.ac.uk

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|March 30, 2001
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Magnesium diboride (MgB2) exhibits favorable grain boundary properties for superconductors. However, its critical current density declines sharply with increasing magnetic field due to low vortex pinning energy.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Superconductors are crucial for applications, but their performance is limited by vortex motion.
  • Vortex behavior in high-temperature superconductors complicates applications.
  • Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is a superconductor with a transition temperature (Tc) near 40 K.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vortex behavior in MgB2.
  • To understand how vortex dynamics affect critical current density (Jc) and vortex creep rate (S) in MgB2.
  • To compare MgB2's vortex properties with those of other superconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of Jc and S in MgB2 samples.
  • Analysis of vortex behavior under varying magnetic fields.
  • Assessment of grain boundary properties related to supercurrent flow.

Main Results:

  • MgB2 shows highly transparent grain boundaries for supercurrents, unlike high-temperature superconductors.
  • A significant decrease in Jc was observed as the magnetic field increased.
  • The steep decline in Jc suggests low vortex pinning energy, likely due to high crystalline perfection.

Conclusions:

  • MgB2 possesses advantageous grain boundary characteristics for superconducting applications.
  • The observed magnetic field dependence of Jc presents a challenge for MgB2's practical use.
  • Further research is needed to optimize vortex pinning in MgB2 for enhanced performance.