Issues in HIV/Hepatitis C Co-infection

Jonathan P. Moorman1

  • 1Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jpm2x@virginia.edu

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is common. This review discusses managing HCV in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is prevalent.
  • HIV exacerbates HCV disease progression, raising long-term health concerns.
  • Increased patient longevity on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) highlights the need for effective HCV management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major issues concerning HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
  • To discuss current and evolving HCV therapies within the context of HAART.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on HIV/HCV co-infection.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for HCV in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Discussion of challenges and advancements in managing co-infection.

Main Results:

  • HIV significantly impacts HCV disease course and outcomes.
  • Treatment paradigms for HCV are rapidly evolving.
  • Optimal HCV treatment strategies in HIV co-infected patients require further delineation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of HCV in HIV co-infected patients is crucial.
  • Antiretroviral therapy for HIV influences HCV treatment considerations.
  • Further research is needed to optimize combined treatment protocols.

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...