[Central nervous system tuberculosis in children: 1. Clinical and laboratorial presentation]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pediatrics

Context:

• Tuberculosis remains a significant global health challenge, especially in developing nations.
• Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis presents a severe threat due to high morbidity and mortality.
• Pediatric CNS tuberculosis requires detailed epidemiological and clinical characterization.

Purpose:

• To describe epidemiological, clinical, and laboratorial features of pediatric CNS tuberculosis.
• To analyze diagnostic findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and radiological imaging.
• To evaluate the timeliness of therapeutic interventions in affected children.

Summary:

• This study analyzed 52 children diagnosed with CNS tuberculosis at a tertiary pediatric hospital.
• Patients often presented with young age, malnutrition, incomplete immunization, and advanced neurological symptoms.
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and imaging revealed compatible abnormalities; the causative agent was identified in 40% of cases.
• Despite clear clinical indicators and healthcare access, treatment initiation was frequently delayed.

Impact:

• Highlights the critical need for prompt diagnosis and management of pediatric CNS tuberculosis.
• Emphasizes the challenges in early detection and treatment initiation in resource-limited settings.
• Informs clinical practice and public health strategies to improve outcomes for children with this severe infection.