Influenza vaccine: issues and opportunities

Several recent developments offer opportunities to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of influenza. Rapid diagnostic tests assist in selecting patients for antiviral therapy and avoid some antibiotic use. The neuraminidase inhibitors now offer therapeutic options with potentially fewer side effects than the traditional drugs, albeit at greater cost. Inactivated influenza vaccine is now recommended annually for all persons aged 50 and older and younger adults and children (aged 6 months and older) who have underlying risk factors for the severe complications of influenza. This includes pregnant women who are in their second or third trimesters during influenza season.