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Related Experiment Videos

Recognition instructions and recognition practice can alter the confidence--response time relationship.

J S Shaw1, K A McClure, C E Wilkens

  • 1Department of Psychology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042-1781, USA. shawj@lafayette.edu

The Journal of Applied Psychology
|April 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Instructions to speed up face recognition tests reduce the link between response time and confidence. Prior practice testing eliminated this effect, suggesting memory fluency influences confidence judgments.

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Law and human behavior·2001

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • The relationship between response time, accuracy, and confidence in episodic memory is crucial for understanding eyewitness testimony.
  • Previous research suggests that response times can influence confidence judgments, but the role of specific instructions is less clear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how instructions emphasizing speed versus accuracy affect the confidence-response time relationship in face recognition.
  • To determine if prior recognition practice mitigates the impact of such instructions on memory reports.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving face recognition tasks were conducted.
  • Participants received different instructions (emphasizing speed or accuracy) for the recognition test.

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  • Confidence ratings and response times were recorded for memory reports.
  • Recognition practice was administered in some conditions before the final test.

    • Main Results:

    • The correlation between confidence and response time was significantly smaller when participants were instructed to prioritize speed.
    • This suggests that participants under speed instructions relied less on response time fluency for confidence judgments.
    • Recognition practice prior to the test abolished the effect of the speed/accuracy instruction manipulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support the theory that memory report fluency influences confidence judgments, as proposed by J. S. Shaw (1996).
    • These results have significant implications for evaluating the reliability of eyewitness confidence, accuracy, and response time data.
    • Understanding these relationships is vital for legal contexts involving eyewitness identification.