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Related Experiment Videos

Physical activity and cancer risk.

A E Hardman1

  • 1Human Muscle Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK. a.e.hardman@lboro.ac.uk

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Regular physical activity significantly lowers the risk of colon cancer by 40-50% and breast cancer by 25-30%. This modifiable lifestyle factor offers a promising strategy for cancer prevention, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Growing evidence links high physical activity levels to reduced cancer risk.
  • Colon cancer shows the most consistent reduction (40-50%) in highly active individuals.
  • Breast cancer risk reduction (25-30%) is suggested but less consistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence associating physical activity with reduced cancer risk.
  • To explore potential biological mechanisms underlying this association.
  • To highlight physical activity as a modifiable cancer risk factor.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological studies on physical activity and cancer.
  • Analysis of confounding factors such as body mass index (BMI) and gender.

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  • Exploration of proposed physiological mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Physical activity demonstrates a strong inverse association with colon cancer risk.
    • A potential inverse association with breast cancer risk is observed, though with less consistency.
    • Interactions with BMI suggest a complex relationship with colon cancer risk.
    • Proposed mechanisms include improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced immune function, reduced estrogen exposure, and altered bowel transit time.

    Conclusions:

    • Physical activity is a significant modifiable risk factor for certain cancers, particularly colon cancer.
    • Mechanisms involve systemic effects like insulin sensitivity and immune function, as well as site-specific factors.
    • Further research is justified to fully elucidate the role of physical activity in cancer prevention.