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Correlation between phylogenetic structure and function: examples from deep-sea Shewanella.

C Kato1, Y Nogi

  • 1The DEEPSTAR Group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, 237-0061, Yokosuka, Japan

FEMS Microbiology Ecology
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
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Deep-sea bacteria Shewanella species exhibit piezophilic and psychrophilic traits. This review suggests two Shewanella sub-genus branches: high-pressure, cold-adapted EPA producers and mesophilic, pressure-sensitive species.

Area of Science:

  • Deep-sea microbiology
  • Bacterial taxonomy
  • Extremophile research

Background:

  • The genus Shewanella comprises typical deep-sea bacteria.
  • Certain Shewanella species, like S. benthica and S. violacea, thrive under high hydrostatic pressure.
  • Many Shewanella species are psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, isolated from cold environments like Antarctic seawater.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of deep-sea and cold-adapted Shewanella species.
  • To propose a taxonomic re-organization of the Shewanella genus based on environmental adaptations.
  • To highlight the piezophilic and psychrophilic nature of certain Shewanella.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Shewanella species isolation and characterization.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of growth conditions (pressure and temperature) for various Shewanella species.
  • Comparative analysis of metabolic byproducts, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).

    • Main Results:

    • Shewanella benthica and Shewanella violacea demonstrate enhanced growth at high hydrostatic pressures.
    • Cold-adapted Shewanella species often exhibit piezotolerance, enabling growth in high-pressure environments.
    • A distinction is observed between high-pressure, cold-adapted EPA-producing strains and mesophilic, pressure-sensitive strains.

    Conclusions:

    • Two major taxonomic branches within the Shewanella genus are proposed: high-pressure, cold-adapted EPA producers and mesophilic, pressure-sensitive species.
    • Environmental adaptation, particularly to pressure and temperature, is a key factor in Shewanella speciation.
    • Further taxonomic recognition of these branches could enhance understanding of deep-sea microbial ecology and biochemistry.