Detection of water quality using simulated satellite data and semi-empirical algorithms in Finland

The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of the band combination of the TERRA MODIS and ENVISAT MERIS instruments for operational monitoring of lakes and coastal waters in Finland. Also simulated LANDSAT TM data were tested. Satellite bands were simulated using airborne measurements with AISA imaging spectrometer. Semi-empirical algorithms with simulated satellite data were tested against field observations using regression analysis. Interpretation of chlorophyll a, suspended matter, turbidity and secchi-disk depth was included in the analyses. The data for this study were gathered in campaigns carried out in May and August 1997 and August 1998 both for lakes in southern Finland and coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. The data set included 85 in situ observations for lakes and 107 for coastal waters. Our results show that the band combination to be included in the ENVISAT MERIS instrument enables the interpretation of water quality, including chlorophyll a concentration using semi-empirical algorithms both for lakes and coastal waters. MERIS band 9 centred at 705 nm is proven to be of vital importance for the detection of chlorophyll a in local surface waters.